Here we get to the 1970s dispute among scholars over the difference between republican and democratic societies. The former stressed the need for a virtuous citizenry, we were told. You can find more on this subject in Lance Banning’s The Jeffersonian Persuasion, Gordon Wood’s The Creation of the American Republic, and, if you want to trace the rebirth of this notion all the way back to the 16th century, Pocock’s The Machiavellian Moment.