[jmherbener]

Neoclassicals would advise the government on ways to improve the “efficiency” of the their micro-economic policies. For example, if the government nationalized the railroads during the war, neoclassicals might build models to find out the minimum distance trains can travel and deliver all their cargo.

The Rand Corporation had neoclassicals construct game theory models to learn about negotiation strategies during the war.

http://www.indepthinfo.com/rand/game-theory.htm

Perhaps the most famous example from WWII is Milton Friedman advising the Treasury department to institute income tax withholding to improve the efficiency of tax collection.

http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard43.html