American banks had the legal privilege to issue fractional-reserve notes and deposits from the beginning. Perhaps the last prominent example of a 100 percent reserve bank was the Bank of Amsterdam in the 17th and 18th centuries.
http://wiki.mises.org/wiki/Bank_of_Amsterdam
Also, take a look at Guido Huelsmann’s article on fractional-reserve v. 100-percent-reserve banks.
http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_07_3_hulsmann.pdf